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Follow These Steps To Acquire Stocks In Singapore

With an abundance of low-cost investment brokerages and a wide range of investment products, we believe that anyone can get started on investing. Unless your ambition is to become a day trader, you do not need to master technical analysis or complex charting techniques.

Simply carve out your path by following these steps.

#1: OPEN AN INVESTMENT BROKERAGE ACCOUNT

Unlike your comfort food, stocks cannot be bought at a store and taken home in a paper bag. You need to go through an account with an investment brokerage. A brokerage is a company or firm that acts as the middleman to connect you to the stock exchange.

Brokerage companies usually receive compensation by means of commissions or fees that are charged once the transaction has been completed. Brokerage accounts charge through minimum fees (i.e., to pay on each trade) or trading fees (i.e., percentage of each trade). These fees will affect your profits, so ensure that you do your research.

#2: FUND YOUR ACCOUNT

It is necessary to transfer money to your account to begin trading. Take note of the brokerage company’s requirements such as the minimum fee.

These companies generally accept multiple funding methods such as PayNow transfer, FAST transfer via online banking, or overseas remittance. Use a method that suits you best.

#3: DETERMINE WHICH STOCKS TO INVEST IN

Do your research, ask financial questions, and compare the facts to determine which stocks to invest in. There are different types of investment products such as Blue chip stocks and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs).

Blue chip stocks are the stocks of well-known, high-quality companies that are leaders in their industries. Investors usually hang on to these stocks for long periods and collect its dividends. Local “blue chips” include Singtel, DBS, and ComfortDelGro. Many Singaporean investors prefer to invest in blue chip stocks because of its perceived certainty and stability. Local blue chips are deemed to be less risky and are often common household names that most Singaporean investors can relate to.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) allow you to buy shares in a variety of properties. For instance, CapitaLand and Ascendas gives you access to purchase shares in commercial properties such as shopping malls and office buildings. It is one of the most popular options for investors seeking regular income.

#4: ACQUIRE YOUR FIRST SHARES/STOCKS

Once your funds have been sorted out, you can buy your first shares/stocks using your brokerage’s online platform. As a beginner, you may make investing a regular habit by spending a fixed amount every month on generic Exchange Trade Fund. The Exchange Trade Funds (ETFs) are similar to mutual funds in many ways. Although, ETFs are bought and sold throughout the day on stock exchanges.

Image Credits: unsplash.com

The idea is that over the long term, the ETFs will rise. By buying a fixed sum every month, you will be able to spread out your risk through ups and downs. Consistently funding your account is key.

Sources: 1 & 2

Must-Read: Important Investment Questions Answered

WHY IS RISK TOLERANCE A FACTOR TO INVESTMENT?

Determining your preferences is the initial step to investing. Under it is risk tolerance. Risk tolerance is basically how much you are willing to gamble in any event. It can impact how you shape your portfolio. You see, the pressing need to acquire the money can make you shift towards conservative investments.

If you are worried that you are missing out on a higher earning potential, then your investments may be too conservative. On the other hand, constantly fearing the condition of your investments can mean that you are carrying too much risks. This is why you must quantify your risk tolerance by taking quizzes.

As I entered the investment scene under a renowned international institution, I was given a risk tolerance questionnaire with 16 questions. It helped me to identify the appropriate asset classes that suited my mindset.

CAN YOU RISK IT ALL BY PICKING YOUR OWN STOCKS?

I have to admit that becoming the mastermind of your portfolio sounds attractive. However, picking your own stocks can potentially become a disaster for newbie investors. Studies have shown that choosing your own stocks is almost always a losing proposition even for the professional traders. The risk versus the rewards of owning stocks are simply not in your favor.

Image Credits: pixabay.com

Why is this so? For starters, you are more likely to incur trading fees when you trade more stocks. This will eat any money you would make. Accept that you do not own a crystal ball. You cannot perfectly select the stellar companies over the dull ones. So, seek professional help whenever possible.

WHAT IS A BOND?

Whenever I give a talk about financial indepence, I always get asked about the different asset classes. Bonds is among the common ones. A bond is a fixed income investment in which an issuer or investor loans money to an entity. Entities such as companies or governments borrow the funds for a definite period of time, involving an interest rate. These bonds are used by said entities to raise money or finance a variety of projects.

For instance, an airline might take up a bond loan from the government if wants to purchase a variety of new planes. This type of loan involves a specific period and fixed investment rate. Said rate is determined by a number of factors such as the economy’s climate.

If you are comfortable with getting less money in return, then you will benefit from investing on bonds. You may think that bonds are less risky than others. However, this statement is not entirely true. Bonds are usually less risky than stocks when you are comparing products from the same issuing company. Institutions that offer bonds include Singapore Government Securities and ABF Singapore Bond Fund.

WHY IS IT CRUCIAL TO BE DIVERSIFIED?

By definition, diversification is the process of allocating capital in a way that reduces the exposure to any one particular asset or risk. Say that you invested all your money on one company. Your money will go down the drain when it goes bankrupt. Owning 2,000 shares from various companies can cushion the bankruptcy of two or more companies. It is essentially better to invest small pieces of wealth in multiple companies rather than investing it all in one.

Image Credits: pixabay.com

Simply put, diversification means that you will not put all your eggs in one investment basket. Being diversified applies to all the industries or asset classes that you will invest in. Try to invest a mix of stocks and bonds or a mix of industrial sectors. The broader your portfolio is, the more likely you are to weather a market storm.

Sources: 1 & 2

What Stock Should I Buy?

Warren Buffett once said, “it is not necessary to do extraordinary things to get extraordinary results.” When it comes to finding stocks worth investing in, we simply need to ask the right questions.

We share 3 of these questions with you, and 3 financial ratios that can help answer your questions.

What if you don’t have a stock in mind? After all, there are over 9,000 stocks on the Singapore Exchange (SGX), New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKex) alone and brokers like us offer access to many more markets including Thailand, China, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.

There are tools out there that can help you identify stocks using ratios like the ones above. Click here to learn how stock screeners can help you identify trading opportunities.

What should you invest in? Equities or Bonds?

What should you invest in? Equities or Bonds?

The answer depends on two major factors: how young/ old you currently are, and the riskiness of your job. To elaborate, it is good to understand some basic concepts:

There are basically two types of investment products, bonds and equities.

Company issue bonds, which is borrowings with a fixed rate of return (interest rate). Bond holders do not own the company, so do not get to vote in company decisions.
Company sell shares, which is equity to shareholders. Shareholders own parts of the company, so they get to vote in company decisions, as such, shareholders also undertake the risk the company takes.

Basically, it shows the simplified balance sheet of companies.

The revenue that company earns goes back to pay business expenses (eg. employee salaries, tax, etc), before paying for the interest owed to bondholders, leaving what is left as the profit.

The company can then choose to distribute part of the profit as dividends.

So in the 3 scenarios, they look like:

Normal economy – Revenue minus business expenses minus interests for bonds equals profit.
Boom – Revenue increases by quite a bit, minus business expenses which is more or less fixed, might increase a little bit, minus interests payable to bondholders which is the same, and leaves quite a lot of profit. Shareholders then get to share in the profit.
Recession – Revenue dropped by a lot, minus business expenses which is roughly the same, maybe drop a bit only because you can retrench some staff, but can’t retrench everyone, minus interests payable to bondholders which is the same, leaves very little as profit.

In the event the company goes bankrupt, it will have to pay the bondholders first, because in bonds, they owe money to bondholders. After that, any money left then goes on to paying the shareholders.

In the case of stocks and shares, share cycles typically lasts 8 to 10 years.

Total earning potential is the sum of your earnings from today until the day you retire. Given the above, which total earning potential scenario is higher?

When you first started work fresh out of university or
After working for some years and possibly earning at your peak?

The answer is obviously the former, where you first started your first job in your twenties. Why is this so?

Imagine that you retire tomorrow, your total earning potential will then be your salary today + your salary tomorrow.

This means when you first started work, you have a long earning timeframe until you potentially retire. While counterintuitively, when you are possibly earning at your peak after several years of working experience, you may not have a high total earning potential.

Diversification is then spreading your investments over a number of assets to reduce risk.

What this means is:

Age wise

When you are young – you behave like a bond (because if you get fired when you are young, it is easier to find a new job because your salary is still low, and got more time to accumulate wealth)
- So when you are young (bonds) – you should buy equities
When you are old – you behave like a share (because more risky, less time to accumulate wealth and see through the stock market cycle)
- So when you are old (equities) – you should buy bonds

Occupation wise

When you are in a low risk job (eg. government sector, teacher although I know thatnowadays the “iron rice bowl” is not as low risk as it usedto be) – you behave like a bond (less chance to get fired)
- So when you are in a low risk job (bonds) – you should buy equities
When you are in a high risk job (eg. private sector, banking) – you behave like an equity (more chance to get fired, but got potential to earn a lot in good times)
- So when you are in a high risk job (equity) – you should buy bonds

Image Credits: pixabay.com (License: CC0 Public Domain)

So there you have it. Depending on where you are in your career life cycle, and whether your career behaves like equity or bond, invest accordingly to achieve the desired diversification effect.

“Work hard, save up to invest, retire young.”

Learn About Mutual Funds Before Investing

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are investments that gather the investors’ money into a pool to make multiple types of investments, known as the portfolio.

Professional money or investment managers, who invest the fund’s capital and attempt to produce capital gains for its investors, operate the mutual funds.

The investment manager’s compensation relies on how well the fund performs. In this way, you can be assured that they will work hard to make sure the fund grows well.

Image Credits: Steve Jurvetson via Flickr

As a mutual fund investor, you become a “shareholder” of the mutual fund company. When there are profits you will earn dividends. When there are losses, your shares will decrease in value.

Mutual funds are diversified or are made up of different investments to lower the risk of loss.

Advantages of Mutual Funds

1. Mutual Funds give small investors the access to professionally manage, diversified portfolios of equities, bonds and so on. This is difficult and nearly impossible to create with a small about of money.

2. Each shareholder participates proportionally in the gain or loss of the funds.

3. The experts handle your money professionally…so even if you have little knowledge on stocks, you may learn as time goes.

Three Categories of Mutual Funds

1. EQUITY FUNDS. Equity funds are made up of common stock investments alone. Although this can be riskier, this can earn more money than other types of funds.

2. FIXED-INCOME FUNDS. Fixed-income funds are made up of government and corporate securities. Since the government and corporate securities provide fixed return, the risk of the investments are low.

3. BALANCED FUNDS. Balanced funds combine both stocks and bonds in the investment. It offers a moderate to low risk. So before investing to mutual funds, you will have decide how much risk you are willing to take.

Why Should You Invest in Mutual Funds?

Sources: Investopedia and HowStuffWorks

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